Table 4: HGLM Estimates of Methamphetamine/Marijuana Use            
      Outcome Categorya      
Methamphetamine Negative Positive Negative
Marijuana Positive Positive Negative
B   B   B  
Fixed Effects (SE)   d.f. (SE)   d.f. (SE)   d.f.
Community-Level
Intercept 0.862 *** 140 -0.069 145 1.431 *** 140
(0.072) (0.064) (0.072)
Maricopa County -1.665 *** 140 -0.345 ** 145 -1.456 *** 140
(0.200) (0.161) (0.199)
% High School Education 2.404 140 -1.003 140
(2.351) (2.257)
% College Education 4.806 *** 140 2.179 140
(1.469) (1.371)
% Unemployed 14.229 *** 140 12.785 *** 140
(3.546) (3.425)
% Spanish Speaking Households 3.937 *** 140 2.140 ** 140
(0.947) (0.950)
Racial/Ethnic Heterogeneity 0.514 140 0.157 140
(0.435) (0.390)
Individual-Level
Age -0.054 *** 5920 -0.044 *** 5920 0.015 *** 5920
(0.006) (0.007) (0.005)
Hispanic 0.537 *** 5920 -0.049 5920 0.875 *** 5920
(0.127) (0.121) (0.114)
Black 2.099 *** 5920 0.228 5920 1.811 *** 5920
(0.228) (0.318) (0.236)
Native American 1.549 *** 5920 -0.262 5920 1.493 *** 5920
(0.326) (0.392) (0.313)
Less than H.S. Education 0.178 * 5920 0.302 *** 5920 -0.034 5920
(0.101) (0.110) (0.096)
Married -0.116 5920 -0.082 5920 0.137 5920
(0.116) (0.142) (0.088)
Unemployed -0.334 ** 146 -0.068 146 -0.418 *** 146
(0.128) (0.116) (0.103)
Violent Offense 0.262 ** 5920 0.056 5920 0.362 *** 5920
(0.122) (0.145) (0.112)
Previous Arrest -0.730 *** 5920 -0.044 5920 -1.304 *** 5920
(0.142) (0.187) (0.133)
c2 c2 c2
Random Effects Variance   df Variance   df Variance   df
Intercept 0.164 *** 175.97 0.019 120.24 0.153 *** 195.35
113 118 113
Not Working 0.471 *** 170.96 0.324 124.75 0.184 ** 147.28
        119     119     119
Note: standard errors are robust.
a The omitted category is positive methamphetamine and negative marijuana use.
*** p < .01  ** p < .05  * p < .01
Table 5: HGLM Estimates of Methamphetamine/Cocaine Use            
      Outcome Categorya      
Methamphetamine Negative Positive Negative
Cocaine Positive Positive Negative
B   B   B  
Fixed Effects (SE)   d.f. (SE)   d.f. (SE)   d.f.
Community-Level
Intercept 0.045 140 -1.464 *** 145 1.117 *** 140
(0.079) (0.097) (0.062)
Maricopa County -1.806 *** 140 -0.178 145 -1.136 *** 140
(0.203) (0.255) (0.165)
% High School Education -0.932 140 2.761 140
(2.675) (1.957)
% College Education 2.046 140 3.846 *** 140
(1.758) (1.247)
% Unemployed 12.080 *** 140 11.301 *** 140
(3.988) (3.130)
% Spanish Speaking Households 2.968 ** 140 2.747 *** 140
(1.177) (0.852)
Racial/Ethnic Heterogeneity 0.756 140 0.207 140
(0.489) (0.391)
Individual-Level
Age 0.033 *** 146 0.019 ** 146 0.007 146
(0.005) (0.008) (0.005)
Hispanic 1.379 *** 5920 0.907 *** 5920 0.754 *** 5920
(0.129) (0.182) (0.100)
Black 2.632 *** 5920 1.245 *** 5920 1.847 *** 5920
(0.214) (0.357) (0.208)
Native American 1.455 *** 5920 -0.008 5920 1.695 *** 5920
(0.337) (0.579) (0.228)
Less than H.S. Education 0.082 5920 -0.077 5920 -0.182 ** 5920
(0.089) (0.164) (0.087)
Married -0.016 5920 0.038 5920 0.142 * 5920
(0.092) (0.171) (0.084)
Unemployed 0.005 5920 -0.038 5920 -0.477 5920
(0.101) (0.141) (0.087)
Violent Offense -0.143 5920 -0.110 5920 0.439 *** 5920
(0.107) (0.228) (0.100)
Previous Arrest -0.652 *** 5920 -0.350 5920 -1.284 *** 5920
(0.119) (0.224) (0.102)
c2 c2 c2
Random Effects Variance   df Variance   df Variance   df
Intercept 0.303 *** 246.21 0.229 152.59 0.142 *** 240.11
133 138 133
Age 0.001 * 163.65 0.001 118.36 0.001 *** 190.54
        139     139     139
Note: standard errors are robust.
a The omitted category is positive methamphetamine and negative cocaine use.
*** p < .01  ** p < .05  * p < .01
Table 6: HGLM Estimates of Methamphetamine/Opiate Use            
      Outcome Categorya      
Methamphetamine Negative Positive Negative
Opiates Positive Positive Negative
B   B   B  
Fixed Effects (SE)   d.f. (SE)   d.f. (SE)   d.f.
Community-Level
Intercept -1.867 *** 140 -3.065 *** 145 1.245 *** 140
(0.106) (0.184) (0.057)
Maricopa County -1.455 *** 140 0.330 145 -1.337 *** 140
(0.173) (0.460) (0.166)
% High School Education -1.709 140 0.993 140
(2.712) (2.254)
% College Education 4.350 *** 140 3.265 ** 140
(1.671) (1.431)
% Unemployed 12.282 ** 140 13.020 *** 140
(5.067) (3.414)
% Spanish Speaking Households 4.406 *** 140 2.829 *** 140
(1.010) (0.984)
Racial/Ethnic Heterogeneity 0.409 140 0.440 140
(0.646) (0.397)
Individual-Level
Age 0.062 *** 146 0.037 *** 146 0.012 ** 146
(0.007) (0.011) (0.005)
Hispanic 0.712 *** 146 -0.279 146 0.753 *** 146
(0.199) (0.258) (0.098)
Black 1.050 *** 5920 -0.880 5920 1.817 *** 5920
(0.256) (0.665) (0.172)
Native American 1.497 *** 5920 0.345 5920 1.669 *** 5920
(0.446) (0.813) (0.248)
Less than H.S. Education 0.089 5920 -0.101 5920 -0.099 5920
(0.133) (0.229) (0.076)
Married -0.188 5920 -0.527 5920 0.075 5920
(0.199) (0.375) (0.071)
Unemployed 0.255 * 5920 0.375 5920 -0.333 *** 5920
(0.131) (0.235) (0.087)
Violent Offense -0.270 5920 -0.025 5920 0.336 *** 5920
(0.192) (0.313) (0.095)
Previous Arrest -0.732 *** 5920 0.039 5920 -1.112 *** 5920
(0.217) (0.415) (0.096)
c2 c2 c2
Random Effects Variance   df Variance   df Variance   df
Intercept 0.097 108.92 0.356 86.79 0.117 *** 197.00
115 120 115
Age 0.000 104.01 0.001 82.40 0.001 *** 170.96
121 121 121
Hispanic 0.631 106.17 0.474 52.50 0.227 163.07
        121     121     121
Note: standard errors are robust.
a The omitted category is positive methamphetamine and negative opiate use.
*** p < .01  ** p < .05  * p < .01
Table 2: HGLM Estimate of Positive Methamphetamine Use            
Model 1 Model 2 Model 3
B   B   B  
Fixed Effects (SE)   d.f. (SE)   d.f. (SE)   d.f.
Community-Level
Intercepta -1.100 *** 146 -1.223 *** 146 -1.242 *** 140
(0.078) (0.086) (0.055)
Maricopa County 1.374 *** 140
(0.146)
% High School Education -0.866 140
(1.907)
% College Education -3.265 *** 140
(1.263)
% Unemployed -12.666 *** 140
(3.145)
% Spanish Speaking Households -2.878 *** 140
(0.877)
Racial/Ethnic Heterogeneity -0.430 140
(0.424)
Individual-Level
Age -0.011 *** 5952 -0.011 *** 5953
(0.004) (0.004)
Hispanic -0.751 *** 146 -0.754 *** 146
(0.097) (0.096)
Black -1.799 *** 5952 -1.826 *** 5953
(0.157) (0.159)
Native American -1.630 *** 5952 -1.639 *** 5953
(0.212) (0.213)
Less than H.S. Education 0.084 5952 0.082 5953
(0.075) (0.075)
Married -0.082 5952 -0.084 5953
(0.083) (0.083)
Unemployed 0.318 *** 5952 0.317 *** 5953
(0.076) (0.076)
Violent Offense -0.306 *** 5952 -0.299 *** 5953
(0.080) (0.080)
Previous Arrest 1.097 *** 5952 1.090 *** 5953
(0.111) (0.110)
c2 c2 c2
Random Effects Variance   df Variance   df Variance   df
Intercept 0.565 *** 593.89 0.291 *** 337.71 0.114 *** 199.82
146 125 120
Hispanic 0.204 ** 153.28 0.218 ** 154.16
126 126
                     
*** p < .01  ** p < .05  * p < .01
a Arrestees in the omitted category are unmarried, employed, White, high school educated, 
were not arrested for a violent offense, and had no previous arrests.